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Pressure Vessel Handbook The Pressure Vessel Handbook article provides you information about handbook application in pressure vessel design and pressure vessel inspection. Comments Have your say about what you just read! Leave me a comment in the box below.
Facebook Twitter. Select the type ofstiffening ring and detennine its cross sectional area A. Assume the required number of rings and distribute them equally between jacketed section, cone-to-shell junction, or head line at Calculate the moment ofinertia of the selected ring or the moment of inertia of the ring combined with the shell section see page The available moment of inertia ofa circumferential stiffening ring shall not be less than detennined by one ofthe following fonnulas: I' - D.
Enter the applicable material chart pages43 -A7 at the value of Band move horizontally to the curve ofdesign temperature. From the intersection point move vertically to the bottom ofthe chart and read the value of A. Calculate the required moment of inertia using the fonnulas above.
Ifthe moment of inertia ofthe ring or the ring combined with the shell section is greater than the required moment ofinertia, the stiffening ofthe shell is satisfactory.
Otherwise stiffening ring with larger moment of inertia must be selected, or the number ofrings shall be increased. The moment ofintertia ofthe selected angle: Stiffening rings may be subject to lateral buckling. This should be considered in addition to the required moment of inertia.
See pages for. To this category belong the following most frequently used materials:! II II HA-1 3 IM lli ;lif,. OOC 6. HA-3 Httffl3, 2. HA-4E The reason for this lies not only in the difficulties of rolling heavy structural shapes, but also because of the neces- sity to adjust the ring to the curvature of the shell. For large diameter vessels the maximum permissible out of roundness can result in a 1 - 2 inch gap between the shell and the ring. This can be eliminated if the vertical member of the ring is cut out of the plate in sections.
The sections can be flame cut, instead of rolled and then butt-welded together in place. Practically one half of a 3 inch diameter hole at the bottom and 1! Figure A. For the maximum arc of shell left unsupported because of gap in stiffening ring, see Code Figure UG. The total length of intermittent welding on each side of the stiffener ring shall be: 1.
Where corrosion allowance is to be provided, the stiffening ring shall be attached to the shell with continuous fillet or seal weld. Code UG. Determine R, 2. Enter the chart at the value of R, 3. Move vertically to temperature line, 4. Move horizontally and read t. For ellipsoidal heads 0. Enter lower chart facing page at the value of L 2. Move horizontally to curves representing D0 3. Move vertically to temperature line 4. Move horizontally to curve D 7. D0 Outside diameter of shell, in.
L Length of the vessel or vessel section, taken as the largest of the following: l. Distance between the tangent lines of the heads plus one third of the depth of the hea. The greatest distance between any two akjacent stiffening rings, in. The distance from the center of the first stiffening ring to the head tangent line plu's one third of the head depth, in.
The charts are from:' Logan, P. Logan, P. Copyrighted Gulf Publishing Co. Used with permission. The basic 'wind speed shall be taken from the map on the following pages. The basic wind speed is mph. The minimum design wind pressure shall not be less than 10 lb. When records and experience indicates that the wind speeds are higher than those reflected in the map, the higher values ofwind speed shall be applied.
The wind pressure on the projected area ofa cylindrical tower shall be calculated by the following formula.
D x H Projected area oftower, sq. I I height of tower considered, ft. Table Design Wind Force, lb. Wind speed, mph. Projecte rarea ofplatform 8 sq. Users of vessels usually specify wind pressure for manufacturers without reference to the height zones or map areas.
For example: 30 lb. This specified pres- sure shall be considered to be uniform on the whole vessel. The total pressure on a tower is the product of the unit pressure and the projected area ofthe tower. With good arrangement ofthe equipment, the exposed area ofthe wind can be reduced considerably.
For example, by locating the ladder 90 degrees from the vapor line. F""' 26 x 1. Values are 3-second gust speeds in miles per hour ilt 33 ft. Linear interpolation between wind speed contours is permit- ted. Islands and coastal areas shall use wind speed contour of coastal area. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promotories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions. This standard is obsolete but still used in some codes and foreign countries.
The table below gives the wind pressures for various heights above ground. The vessel is intended to operate in Oklahoma, which is in the wind pressure map area marked In this map area the wind pressures for various height zones are: In the height zone less than 30 ft. In the height zone from ft. For a cylindrical tower these values shall be multiplied by shape factor 0. Users of vessels usually specify the wind pressure for manufacturers without refer- ence to height zones or map areas. This specified pressure shall be considered to be uniform on the whole vessel.
Relation between wind pressure and wind velocity, when the horizontal cross section is circular, is given by the formula: Pw 0. The total wind pressure on a tower is the product ofthe unit pressure and the projected area ofthe tower. With a good arrangement ofequipment the exposed area ofthe wind can be reduced considerably.
Usually the compression due to the weight is insignificant and is not controlling. The weight shall be calculated for the various conditions of the tower as follows: A. Erection weight, which includes the weight of the: I. Operating weight, which includes the weight of the: I. Test weight, which includes the weight of the: I.
The weight cif different vessel elements are given in tables beginning on page The period of the vibration should be limited, since large natural periods of vibration can lead to fatigue failure. The allowable period has been computed from the maximum permissible deflection. Reference: Freese, C. The triangular loading pattern and the shape ofthe tower shear diagram due to that load- ing are shown in Fig.
A portion ofF1 oftotal horizontal seismic force Vis assumed to be applied at the top ofthe tower. The remainder ofthe base shear is distributed throughout the length ofthe tower, includ- ing the top.
Overturning Moment The overturning moment at any level is the algebraic sum ofthe moments of all the forces above that level. A soil profile with dense or stiffsoil conditions, where the soil depth exceeds feet.
A soil profile of40 feet or more in depth and con- taining more than 20 feet of soft to medium stiff clay, but not more than 40 feet of soft clay. A soil profile containing more than 40 feet ofsoft clay. Determine: The overturning moment due to earthquake at the base and at a distance X from top tangent line.
First, fundamental period of vibration shall be calculated. I tT:1 -r:,r. Equipment attached to the vessel on the outside can cause unsymmetrical distribution of the loading due to the weight and result in bending stress. This unsymmetrical arrange- ment of small equipment, pipes and openings may be neglected, but the bending stresses exerted by heavy equipment are additional to the bending stresses resulting from wind or seismic load. Efficiency of welded joints. By buckling of the whole vessel Euler buckling 2.
The out of roundness of the shell is a very significant factor in the resulting instability. The formulas for investigation of elastic stability are given in this Handbook, developed by Wilson and Newmark.
Elements of the vessel which are primarily used for other purposes tray supports, downcomer bars may be considered also as stiffeners against buckling if closely spaced. Longitudinal stiffeners increase the rigidity of the tower more effectively than circumferential stiffeners. If the rings are not continuous around the shell, its stiffening effect shall be calculated with the restrictions outlined in the Code UG c.
K Mean radius of the vessel, in. Determine the allowable compressive stress S 1,, x t 1,, x 0. Given: A,. Longitudinal stiffener is n. UL bull. The maximum allowable deflection 6 inches per ft. Since the actual deflection does not exceed this limit, the designed thickness of the skirt is satisfac.. A method for calculating deflection, when the thickness of the tower is not con- stant, given by S. Hydrocarbon Processing November Stress due to weight At leeward side - Stress due to wind Stress due to ext.
The summation of the stresses indicate whether tension or compression is governing. Bending stress caused by excentricity shall be summarized with the stresses resulting from wind or earthquake load. The stresses shall be calculated at the following locations: 1.
At the bottom of the tower 2. At the joint of the skirt to the head 3. At the bottom head to the shell joint 4. At changes of diameter or thickness of the vessel The stresses furthermore shall be examined in the following conditions: 1. During test. Besides, during erection or dismantling the vessel is not under internal or external pressure. For analyzing the strength of tall towers under various loadings by this Handbook, the maximum stress theory has been applied.
The bending moment d. Table A and Figure B are convenient aids to find the distance down from the top of.. From Table A, using factor m can be found the distance X down from the top tangent line within which the thickness calcu- lated for internal pressure satisfactory also to resist the wind pressure. Figure B shows the moment diagram of a tower under wind pressure.
We just share the information for a better world. Longitudinal stress: The average stress acting on a cross section of the vessel. Pressure vessel: A leak-tight pressure container, usually cylindrical or spherical in shape, with pressure usually varying from 15 psi to psi. Stress concentration: Local high stress in the vicinity of a material discontinuity such as a. Tulsa, OK. The Pressure Vessel Handbook is a reference book that is prepared for the purpose of making formulas, technical data, design, and construction methods readily available for the designer, detailer, layout-person and others dealing with pressure vessels.
Eugene f. This is a book that was originally prepared as class notes, used by Brownell and Young in their engineering course both worked in the Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Department of the University of Michigan , so it covers from the elementary theories of mechanics and strength of materials to design of high-pressure vessels, in a way that both students and senior.
Megyesy; 12 editions; First published in ; Subjects: Pressure vessels, Design and construction, Handbooks, manuals. Full lift PRV: a pressure relief valve in which the actual discharge area is not determined by the position of the disc. Reduced bore PRV: a pressure relief valve in which the flow path area below the seat is less than the flow area at the inlet to the valve. Full bore PRV: a pressure relief valve in which the bore area is equal. This book derives from a 3 day intensive course on Pressure Vessel Design given regularly in the UK and around the world since It is written by experts in their field and although the main thrust of the Course has been directed to BS, the treatment of the material is of a general nature thus providing insight into other national.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you've read. Whether you've loved the book or not, if you give your honest and. A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. Pressure vessels can be dangerous, and fatal accidents have occurred in the history of their development and operation.
Consequently, pressure vessel design, manufacture, and operation are regulated by engineering authorities backed by. Pressure Vessel Handbook Pub, Hardcover. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read, but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting, and the copy can include previous owner inscriptions.
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